SE 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

CS 2301 - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

TWO MARKS

 UNIT I          SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROCESS

1. What is software engineering?

                    Software engineering is a discipline in which theories, methods and tools            are applied to develop professional software.

2. What is Software?

                           Software is nothing but a collection of computer programs that are related documents that are indented to provide desired features, functionalities and better performance. 

3. What are the characteristics of the software?

               * Software is engineered, not manufactured.

                           * Software does not wear out.

               * Most software is custom built rather than being assembled from components.

 4. What are the various categories of software?

                          * System software

              * Application software

                          * Engineering/Scientific software

              * Embedded software

                          

  5. What are the challenges in software?

               * Copying with legacy systems.

                           * Heterogeneity challenge

               * Delivery times challenge.

  

   6. Define software process.

                            Software process is defined as the structured set of activities that are required to develop the software system.

   7. What are the fundamental activities of a software process?

                    * Specification

                                * Design and implementation

                    * Validation

                                * Evolution

   8. What are the umbrella activities of a software process?

                     * Software project tracking and control.

                     * Risk management.

                     * Software Quality Assurance.

                     * Formal Technical Reviews.

                     * Software Configuration Management.

                     * Work product preparation and production.

                     * Reusability management.

                     * Measurement.

9. What are the merits of incremental model?

i) The incremental model can be adopted when there is less number of people involved in the project.

ii) Technical risks can be managed with each increment.

iii) For a very small time span, at least core product can be delivered to the customer.

10. List the task regions in the Spiral model.

* Customer communication - it is suggested to establish customer communication.

* Planning – All planning activities are carried out

* Risk analysis – The tasks required to calculate technical and management risks.

* Engineering – tasks required to build one or more representations of applications

 * Construct and release – tasks required to construct, test, install the applications

 * Customer evaluation - tasks are performed and implemented at installation stage based on the customer evaluation.

11. What are the drawbacks of spiral model?

i) It is based on customer communication. If the communication is not proper then the software product that gets developed will not be the up to the mark.

ii) It demands considerable risk assessment. If the risk assessment is done properly then only the successful product can be obtained.

12. What is System Engineering?

System Engineering means designing, implementing, deploying and operating systems which include hardware, software and people.

13. List the process maturity levels in SEIs CMM.

            Level 1: Initial - Few processes are defined and individual efforts are taken.

Level 2: Repeatable – To track cost schedule and functionality basic project   management processes are established.

Level 3:  Defined – The process is standardized, documented and followed.

Level 4: Managed – Both the software process and product are quantitatively understood and controlled using detailed measures.

Level 5: Optimizing – Establish mechanisms to plan and implement change. 

14. What is an effector  process?

The effector process is a process that verifies itself. The effector  process exists in certain criteria.

15. Define the computer based system.

The computer based system can be defined as “a set or an arrangement of elements that are organized to accomplish some predefined goal by processing   information”.

16. What does Verification represent?

Verification represents the set of activities that are carried out to confirm that the software correctly implements the specific functionality.

17.  What does Validation represent?

Validation represents the set of activities that ensure that the software that               has been built is satisfying the customer requirements.

18. What are the steps followed in testing?

1) Unit testing - The individual components are tested in this type of testing.

2) Module testing – Related collection of independent components are tested.

            3) Sub-system testing –Various modules are integrated into a subsystem and the whole subsystem is tested.

            4) System testing – The whole system is tested in this system.

            5) Acceptance testing – This type of testing involves testing of the system with customer data.

19. What is the use of CMM?

Capability Maturity Model is used in assessing how well an organization’s               processes allow to complete and manage new software projects.

20. Name the Evolutionary process Models.

i. Incremental model

            ii. Spiral model

iii. WIN-WIN spiral model

iv. Concurrent Development

21. What is meant by Software engineering paradigm?

                        The development strategy that encompasses the process, methods and tools and generic phases is often referred to as a process model or software engineering paradigm.

22. What are the various elements for computer based system?

1. Software                 2. Hardware

3. People                     4. Database

5. Documentation       5. Procedures.

23. Define dynamic verification?

                        Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software and dynamically checks its behavior.

           

24. Define static verification?

                        Static verification is a process to check some requirements of software doing a physical inspection of it. Example: software metric calculation.

MST-2 MARKS BCA-3rd yr(CG)

MST-2 marks (SE)

CG 2-marks questions

1. Define Computer graphics.

Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields.
Computer graphics may be defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects

in a computer.

2. What is meant by scan code? 

 

When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard controller places a code carry to the key 

pressed into a part of the memory called as the keyboard buffer. This code is called as the scan code.

3. What is meant by refreshing of the screen? 

 

Some method is needed for maintaining the picture on the screen. Refreshing of screen is done 

by keeping the phosphorus glowing to redraw the picture repeatedly. (i.e.)By quickly directing the 

electronic beam back to the same points.

4. Define Random scan/Raster scan displays? 

 

Random scan is a method in which the display is made by the electronic beam which is directed 

only to the points or part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn. 

 

The Raster scan system is a scanning technique in which the electrons sweep from top to 

bottom and from left to right. The intensity is turned on or off to light and unlight the pixel. 

5. List out the merits and demerits of Penetration techniques. 

 

The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques are as follows 

 

 It is an inexpensive technique 

 It has only four colors 

 The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques 

 It can display color scans in monitors 

 Poor limitation etc. 

 

6. List out the merits and demerits of DVST? 

 

The merits and demerits of direct view storage tubes [DVST] are as follows: 

, 

 It has a flat screen 

 Refreshing of screen is not required 

 Selective or part erasing of screen is not possible 

 It has poor contrast 

 Performance is inferior to the refresh CRT. 

7. What do you mean by emissive and non-emissive displays? 

, 

The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma panels, thin film 

electro-luminescent displays are the examples. 

 

The Non emissive are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source to 

graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example. 

 

8. What is persistence? 

 

The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is 

called as persistence.

. 

9. What is resolution? 

 

The maximum number of points that can be displayed without an overlap on a CRT is called as 

resolution. 

 

10. List out the merits and demerits of Plasma panel display: 

 

 Merits 

 

 Refreshing is not required 

 Produce a very steady image free of Flicker 

 Less bulky than a CRT. 

 

 Demerits 

 

 Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i 

 It requires complex addressing and wiring 

 It is costlier than CRT. 

 

11. What is Aspect ratio? 

 

The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both 

directions of the screen is called the Aspect ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾. 

, 

12. What is meant by Addressability? 

 

The Addressability is the number of individual dots per inch (d.p.i) that can be created. If the 

address of the current dot is (x, y) then the next dot will be (x+y), (x+y+1) etc. 

13. What is a dot size? 

, 

Dot size may be defined as the diameter of a single dot on the devices output. Dot size is also 

called as the Spot size. 

 

14. What is interdot distance? 

 

 Interdot distance is the reciprocal of addressability. If the addressability is large, the interdot 

distance will be less. The interdot distance should be less to get smooth shapes. 

, 

15. What is the difference between impact and non-impact printers? 

 

Impact printer press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line 

printer and dot-matrix printer are examples. 

 

Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques, inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, 

electrostatic methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. 

 

Examples are: Inkjet/Laser printers. 

 

16. What are the features of Inkjet printers? 

 

 They can print 2 to 4 pages/minutes. 

 Resolution is about 360d.p.i. Therefore better print quality is achieved. 

 The operating cost is very low. The only part that requires replacement is ink cartridge. 

 4 colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black are available. 

 

17. Define pixel. 

 

 Pixel is shortened forms of picture element. Each screen point is referred to as pixel or pel. 

, 

18. What is frame buffer? 

 

 Picture definition is stored in a memory area called frame buffer or refresh buffer.

19. What are the advantages of laser printer? 

 

 High speed, precision and economy. 

 Cheap to maintain. 

 Quality printers. 

 Lasts for longer time. 

 Toner power is very cheap. 

 

20. What are the advantages of electrostatic plotters? 

 

 They are faster than pen plotters and very high quality printers. 

 Recent electrostatic plotters include a scan-conversion capability. 

 Color electrostatic plotters are available. They make multiple passes over the paper to 

plot color pictures. 

                                                                                                                   to be continue...........

BCA - MST

MST-IST

                                            BCA (Sem. – 6th)               Total marks- 24

                                               CG(COMPUTER GRAPHICS)      

Course Incharge: AP Manpreet Kaur

2 Mark Questions:-      

                                         SECTION -A                                         4*2=8

1)      What are Raster and Random scan systems?

2)      Define Persistence, resolution and aspect Ratio?

3)      Write short note on Digitizers and Joysticks?

4)      Write applications of Computer Graphics?

4 Mark Questions:- do any 2                                                               2*4=8

                                            SECTION-B

                                                           

1)     Explain RGB and CMY color models.

2)     Write DDA Algorithm for line drawing?

8 Mark Question

                                          SECTION -C

1)      Discuss Mid point circle algorithm in detail?

BCA - CG SYlLABUS

Internal Assessment-40 Marks
External Assessment-60 Marks
SECTION-A

Introduction to Active and Passive Graphics, Applications of Computer Graphics.

Input devices: light pens, Graphic tablets, Joysticks, Trackball, Data Glove, Digitizers, Image scanner,
Graphs and Types of Graphs.

Video Display Devices-- Refresh Cathode Ray Tube, Raster Scan displays, Random Scan displays,
Architecture of Raster and Random Scan Monitors, Color CRT-monitors and Color generating techniques
(Shadow Mask, Beam Penetration) , Direct View Storage Tube, Flat-Panel Displays; 3-D Viewing
Devices, Raster Scan Systems, Random Scan Systems, Graphics monitors and workstations, Color Models
(RGB and CMY), Lookup Table.

SECTION-B 

Process and need of Scan Conversion, Scan conversion algorithms for Line, Circle and Ellipse, effect of
scan conversion, Bresenham's algorithms for line and circle along with their derivations, Midpoint Circle
Algorithm, Area filling techniques, flood fill techniques, character generation.

  SECTION-C

2-Dimensional Graphics: Cartesian and need of Homogeneous co-ordinate system, Geometric
transformations (Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Two-dimensional viewing
transformation and clipping (line, polygon and text), Cohen Sutherland, Sutherland Hodgeman and Liang Barsky algorithm for clipping.

SECTION-D 

 

Introduction to 3-dimensional Graphics: Geometric Transformations (Translation, Scaling, Rotation, 

Reflection, Shearing), Mathematics of Projections (parallel & perspective). Introduction to 3-D viewing transformations and clipping.

Suggested Books:

D. Hearn and M.P. Baker, "Computer Graphics", PHI New Delhi; Second Edition, 1995

J.D. Foley, A.V. Dam, "Introduction to Computer Graphics"

R.A. Plastok and G.Kalley"computer graphics" mcgraw hills.

SE MST

MST-IST

                                           Bsc IT (Sem. – 6th)               Total marks- 24

                                               SE(SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)      

Course Incharge: Manpreet Kaur

2 Mark Questions:-      

                                         SECTION -A                                         4*2=8

1)     Define SRS. What would be the organization for SRS document ?

2)      Differentiate b/w LOC and FP metric?

3)      What is S/W Engineering?

4)      Differentiate b/w functional and Non functional requirements?

4 Mark Questions:- do any 2                                                               2*4=8

                                            SECTION-B

                                                           

1)     Explain COCOMO model.

2)     What are Gantt and Pert charts. Discuss it?

8 Mark Question

                                          SECTION -C

1)      Explain Spiral model with diagram?

SE syllabus

BS-302 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING                                  course incharge : Manpreet kaur toor

The Software Life Cycle : Introduction; Software Life Cycle Models.

Software Process and Other Models : The Software Process Model; Data Flow Diagrams; Petri
Net Models; Object Models; Use Case Diagrams; Scenarios; Sequence Diagrams; Hierarchy
Diagrams; Control Flow Graphs; State Diagrams; Lattice Models.

Software Project Management : Introduction; Management Approaches; Team Approaches;
Critical Practices; Capability Maturity Model; Personal Software Process; Earned Value Analysis;
Error Tracking; Postmortem Reviews.

Software Project Planning : Project Planning; WBS – Work Breakdown Structure; PERT –
Program Evaluation and Review Technique; Software Cost Estimation.

Software Metrics : Introduction; Software Measurement Theory; Product Metrics; Process
Metrics; The GQM Approach.

Risk Analysis and Management : Introduction; Risk Identification; Risk Estimation; Risk
Exposure; Risk Migration; Risk Management Plans.

Requirements : Introduction; Object Model; Data Flow Modeling, Behavioral Modeling; Data
Dictionary; System Diagrams; IEEE Standard for Software Requirements Specification.

Software Design : Introduction; Phases of the Design Process; Design Concepts; Measuring
Cohesion; Measuring Coupling; Requirements Trace ability.

Software Testing : Introduction; Software Testing Fundamentals; Test Coverage Criterion; Data flow testing, random testing, boundary testing.